The dative: dem, der, dem, den

The dative often marks a recipient and is required by verbs such as helfen and gehören and by the prepositions mit, bei, von, zu, aus, nach and seit. The definite articles change from nominative to dative: der → dem, die → der, das → dem, plural die → den. Most plural nouns add -n if their plural does not already end in -n or -s.